Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization - 1282 Words

On November 8th, 2016, the California Marijuana Legalization Initiative may be included on the ballot. The people of California will vote on whether to legalize the recreational use of cannabis for adults. The move targets at regulating the consumption of the drug and taxing it like other legalized drugs. California was the first state to legalize medical marijuana in 1996 (National Institute of Drug Abuse). The state prohibited any legal actions from being taken on patients and recognized caregivers arrested in possession of the drug. This is considered the motivating factor for the push to legalize recreational use of the drug. There have been two fled attempts to achieve this. Both endeavors were defeated at the ballot stage. Forty years on the matter has risen again, and the people of California may have the mandate to legalize or not legalize the recreational use of the drug. The issue has resulted in an enormous debate. Those against the legalization of the drug argue on the ba sis of the adverse effects on the body and mind of the users. And on the other hand, proponents such as myself argue on the basis of economic benefits to the state and the reduction of the drug’s misuse. Opponents of the legalization of marijuana for recreational use argue that the use of marijuana have harmful effects on the body. One effect is to the lungs. Smoking marijuana results in a closely threefold increase in the inhalation of tar as compared to tobacco use. Research also shows thatShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, â€Å"95 million Americans age 12 and older have tried pot at least once, and three out of every four illicit-drug users reported using marijuana within the previous 30 days† (O NDCP). The decriminalization and eventually legalization for the recreational use of marijuana will bring forth benefitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1660 Words   |  7 PagesKyler Smith 9/15 â€Å"Marijuana Legalization† The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s. However, possession of the drug in small quantities had been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world. Furthermore, possession is legal or effectively legal in the Netherlands, Uruguay, and in the US states of ColoradoRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization996 Words   |  4 Pages the monetary gain of its legalization for most has been productive to say the least. For example, Denver Colorado is on track to more than triple the marijuana tax revenue this year alone. $44 million was collected in 2014. In July 2015, 73.5 million was collected, while 19.6 million went to schools. A place such as Chicago could really use the legalization to help with the school system infrastructure issues they have. With a deficit of over 1.1 bi llion marijuana sales could alleviate bothRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, andRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana972 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 1st the states of Colorado and Washington officially began the regulation of legal marijuana sales. Thousands of people from all over the country including tourists from Wisconsin, Ohio, Chicago, and even Georgia lined up out front of dispensaries to make a purchase. Recreational marijuana is being regulated and monitored like alcohol; you must be at least 21 years old to make a purchase. The drug, which is controversial in many states’ legislations, is currently l egal for medical useRead MoreLegalization Of Legalization For Recreational Marijuana1204 Words   |  5 Pagescalled Maryjane, Pot, Reefer, Ganga, Green and many other names, but this little plant seems to be causing a big controversy in recent decades. Can Marijuana really help us or is it a problem in the making? This question may seem simple, but in reality, it is more complex of an issue than we think. The opposing sides of legalization for recreational marijuana are so varied with many points of view to consider. Only a few of those views will be addressed in this article with simplified information to speakRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana628 Words   |  2 PagesThe Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana, the plant of the cannabis, has been around since the early 1900’s. Throughout history, marijuana has been used illegally, for both recreational and medical uses. Recently, marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes, like aiding HIV/AIDs patients, healing migraines and controlling nausea caused by chemotherapy. Today, there are currently 21 American states that have legalized medicinal marijuana including two states that have legalized recreational marijuanaRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana2735 Words   |  11 PagesLegalism and Marijuana People have been smoking marijuana for thousands of years while also using hemp for everything from fabric to make clothes and other items. Unfortunately, Harry J. Anslinger with a bit of power and enough determination decided pot was evil and addictive. The struggle continues to this day to overcome the lies about marijuana (â€Å"Marijuana (Weed) History and Facts†). There are many benefits to legalizing marijuana and the government should take advantage of it. Marijuana is evenRead MoreMarijuana Legalization1212 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana Legalization COMP 1500 April 20th, 2009 Word Count: 807 Outline I. Introduction Thesis Statement: Although America is the land of the free you do not really have  too many  free choices you can make. Americans  should have  the right to  choose whether or not  marijuana should be legal. II. Background III. The tax benefits that can be created A. If legalized they can tax it how ever much they want B. Can be regulated IV. Drug enforcement money can be diverted

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Argument Against the National Minimum Wage Essay

The national minimum wage was introduced in the UK in April 1999 by the Labour government. Essentially it formed a major part of their manifesto as it convinced the average population that Labour were beneficial for everybody. However, they would argue against classical economics and suggest there are wide spread benefits to be gained. The main argument is that the NMW would alleviate poverty across the country. This is an equity issue that has constantly concerned society and would go some way to redistribution of income. It is a social belief that if every one is well off and lives above the poverty line, there will be positive social externalities for all. For example, those living in†¦show more content†¦This could only be good for the economy as the supply of labour increases. The NMW could ensure that whilst employees have increased wages and this should reduce the number of people dependant on the government via benefits. More people earning means less will need to claim job seekers allowance and acts as further saving for the government to spend elsewhere. The governments budget will further rise as increased incomes mean a greater number of people paying taxation and the level of taxation could afford to rise be small increments. The wage gap will be addressed and the effect of wage differentials will hopefully be reduced by the introduction of a national minimum wage that applies to all regions. The benefits discussed above are for employees but business should also gain for the NMW to be considered a useful tool in the economy. The argument that peoples incentive to work is increased also affects business as if people are happier in their jobs, they are less likely to consider leaving. This reduces labour turnover in markets, which is a major cost to business. Recruitment, retraining and the possible renegotiation of higher wages all raise costs for firms on a daily basis and are particularly detrimental for small firms with limited number ofShow MoreRelatedArguments for and Against the Minimum Wage in the Uk1137 Words   |  5 PagesArguments for and against the National Minimum Wage (NMW) in the UK: stop employees being taken advantage of by being paid unfair wages by their employers. set a standard of the minimum worth of a worker. This benchmark was set so that employers would be unable to hire any staff for less than the suggested hourly rate. reduce pay differentials between genders. What is the new minimum wage?: In October 2009, the NMW for workers increased from:  £5.73 to  £5Read MoreThe Impact Of National Minimum Wage On South Africa s Income Inequality Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact national minimum wage would have on South Africa’s income inequality should it be implemented. South Africa is still considered one of the countries which still consist of high income inequality. Economists argue that inequality is the most unavoidable part of the economic development and that it continues to increase in developing countries due to economic growth (Keeton, 2014). Inequality is a problem in countries such as South Africa, because it shifts the attention from bigger andRead MoreDemand Supply , Examine the Argument in Favour Against Minimum Wage Law in Uk1415 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: A * (Using Demand Supply: examine the arguments in favour against minimum wage law in UK*) * *Total words: 1,402 Demand It refers to the willingness and ability of buyers to purchase goods and services at different prices. Supply It refers to the willingness and ability of sellers to provide goods and services for sale at different prices What* *is minimum wage? A minimum wage is the lowest monthly, daily or hourly that employersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Act Of 20071607 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction In 1938, the first national minimum wage laws in the United States were passed as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act, which served as â€Å"a floor below wages,† to reduce poverty and to ensure that economic growth is shared across the workforce. Today, many people who work for companies that pay at or near the minimum wage and remain near or below the poverty level rely on government health and food security and income programs to supplementRead MoreDoes the Minimum Wage Increase the Standard of Living for Low-Income People?1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has maintained a minimum wage which was enacted since 1938. At the present time there is much political debate in regarding to increase the minimum wage to levels at the federal level, state, and local levels of government across this country. There are various theories regarding the minimum wage. Some believe it would circulate money into the economy faster which would negate and negative effects on employmen t, or even improve unemployment rates. Others point to the economic theoryRead MoreMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Minimum Wage1526 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is defined by the dictionary as â€Å"the lowest wage paid or permitted to be paid; specifically: a wage fixed by legal authority or by contract as the least that may be paid either to employed persons generally or to a particular category of employed persons.† Minimum wage is also referred to as the living wage. For many in and out of the political arena, minimum wage, is a topic of debate. The discussion involv es the fairness of the current wage and the need to raise this wage to correlateRead MoreShould We Increase Minimum Wage?1508 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic on whether the minimum wage should be increased our untouched has been a hot topic in the media and political scene lately. Both the republicans and democrats have spent some big bucks lobbying their insights on the matter. There has been a lot of subjective and objective arguments that are reasonable on both the pros and cons of increasing our national minimum wage. To add to the drama associated with this topic, President Obama endorsed a bill proposing a nearly 40% rise from $7.25 toRead MoreMinimum Wage Conflict Theory1501 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Ferraro Law and Society 10/10/17 Minimum Wage Argument Marx s conflict theory has a very distinct ideology, it is stated that it mainly focuses on the causes and effect of class conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The Bourgeoisie represented the members of a higher society which held onto the majority of the wealth and means also known as the owners of the way of manufacture and the capitalistic. While the proletariat class was constructed by individuals who belongRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wages On Employment, By Benjamin Sosnaud, And The Effects Of Minimum Wage Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagestheir small hourly wages. Some groups advocate for increased wages, but others oppose that idea because of the possibility of widespread job losses. Even though researchers have heavily analyzed the effects of a living wage in the past few years, experts claim that different kinds of studies are biased to support one viewpoint over the other. The articles â€Å"Living Wage Ordinances and Wages, Poverty, and Unemployment in US Cities,† by Benjamin Sosnaud, and â€Å"The Effects of Minimum Wages on Employment,†

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Culture and Diversity Paper

Question: Explain the importance of the information and address how to fill in the gaps. Recommend research/actions based on what you know and do not know about your topic. Suggest how to fill in the gaps you identified in Module 3. Outline a plan to solve the gap(s) identified in your topic. Answer: In the current business and cultural environment, the diversity could be observed in different aspects. The diversity and multicultural environment is an interesting field to study for multicultural classroom. The objective of this research is to study the impact of the diverse culture on the overall performance of the multicultural classroom. This research work has focused to study the effect that diversity and multicultural environment has on the overall performance of the multicultural classroom. A lot of work is already done in this area. The study of existing literature is done to analyze the known areas. The study of the existing literature suggests that the diversity and multicultural environment can have a positive impact on the overall group performance only when group members are aware of the cultural backgrounds of other students in the class. There are certain gaps in the existing literature or research work that should be bridged with the new research. The literature suggests that the group performance would depend on the type of society. However, it is not clear if the overall performance of a classroom would depend more on internal culture of the group or the external society. One of the most important issues addressed in this research work is the role of diversity management and multicultural environment in classroom. The finding of this research work could be applied to online teaching programs and as well as offline classroom programs. The students work in a multicultural classroom would be influences by a combination of internal and external factors. The internal factors would include students motivation and students attitude and perception. The external factors would include the environment provided by the leader of the classroom. The gaps in the research could be fulfilled with more research. A lot of researches have been done in this area and researcher shall focus on the existing researches. The gap in the existing research could be fulfilled with the primary research and the secondary research. The secondary research would be done in the form of literature review. It is expected that in the coming times there would be an increase in the number of classrooms with multicultural environment. It expects that diversity would increase in the classroom setting and it would be interesting to study the way diversity can impact the performance of overall multicultural classroom setting. The initial research suggests that this impact could be both positive and negative for classroom. The impact would depend on the attitude and the perception of employees and the leadership traits of the classroom leader. Module 1 I would like to research the impact of the diverse culture on the overall performance of the multicultural classroom. I would like to study the effect that diversity and multicultural environment has on the overall performance of the multicultural classroom. This era is a true global era in which organizations have expanded in different parts of the world. Today, organizations have to manage the employees across different culture. The large organizations like Google, Microsoft, Apple etc. have their presence in almost every part of the world. It is important that the employees should learn from the experiences of people from different culture and this learning should happen from early stage. Therefore, it is important that the diversity and cultural training should be provided in the classroom setting. The cultural diversity can have a profound impact on the overall performance of the classroom (Harvey, 2010). Typically, the overall performance of the classroom would depend on the performance of individual students and the individual group members. It appears that the performance of the group as a whole could be impacted based on the cultural differences and the diversity. This impact could be observed in both offline and online classroo ms. The impact could be both positive and negative in nature. The impact could be positive, as the individuals would get a platform where they can learn from the experiences of people from different cultural background. At the same time, the impact could be negative due to the intercultural conflict between team members. Therefore, it would be interesting to study the impact of diversity on overall performance level of classroom. The initial research would suggest that students in the classroom might not feel comfortable in a diverse background. The students may find it uncomfortable to speak up their minds in presence of people from difference cultural backgrounds. I believe that the multicultural classroom is an area where individuals get a platform to learn about different cultures. The classroom is a fundamental platform for people to learn. I believe that there could be both positive and negative outcome of diversity for the performance of multicultural environment. It would also depend on the quality of leader of the classroom. If an environment is established to take differences in the positive manner and to learn from the differences that the overall performance of the group could be improved (Vedder, 2010). However, if the environment exists where conflict is taken in a negative manner and people do not want to collaborate with the people from other cultural backgrounds that it can have a negative im pact on the overall performance of group. It would be interesting to study this phenomenon for classrooms where students hail from various cultural backgrounds. The focus of this research would be for both online and offline classrooms. Module 2: Literature Review Loes Pascarella (2012) argued that the performance of a classroom would depend a lot on the way its leaders shapes the students in the classroom. In a multicultural environment, the leader of the class may face certain difficulties to manage different students in the class. Several conducted studies had revealed that different leader behaviors and actions are evaluated and interpreted differently depending on their cultural environment of the classroom, and are due to differences in individuals ideas. Boyle Charles (2011) highlighted that the performance of a multicultural classroom would also depend on the society in which classroom exists. The theories of Leadership that have been traditionally developed in individualistic societies showed effective leadership as an action of producing greater and better financial outcomes, which enclose the result from a leaders behavior instead of a specific type of behavior (Ormrod, 2013). Those theories are concluded from manifestations of self-interest such as mentoring, networking and other personal initiatives which prevail in individualistic cultures. However, it is expected that leaders in collectivist cultures will consider leadership effectiveness as a long-term objective resulting from followers loyalty, extra effort and satisfaction with the leader. In addition, collectivist cultures show priority for the needs of the group, family and overall community when engaging in leadership actions (Clarke, 2010). For this reason, values of mutual commitments necessitate from leaders to give followers protection and guidance in exchange for their loyalty and commitment. Cole Case (2011) highlighted that with the spread of globalization, there is a good chance that the classroom performance would be positive in a diverse and multicultural environment. In the last decade or so the concepts of classroom has changed and today classrooms would have students from diverse background. It is important that the students from different cultural backgrounds should be able to learn from the experiences of other people. It can happen only when the information sharing is effective among the students. It is important that the students should be willing to listen to the view point of others students in the classroom. Bowman (2010) argued that the performance of a classroom would depend on the trust that students in the class can generate for other members in the class. The leader-follower concept is based on trust, the building of strong relationships. Leaders and followers are in relation with one another. Leadersmust strive for excellence in a way that builds confidence and trust. Lack of trust can have a negative impact on every interaction, communication or decision in a workplace, resulting in less agility, slowed response time and decrease profitability. Through trust a leader can enhance his/her leadership skills to engender confidence so that he/she can inspire and motivate others to excel. In order to have a positive performance or outcome of a diverse classroom, the leader should focus to generate a feeling of trust and respect among different individuals. In a multicultural context leaders are obliged to value cultural awareness and sensitivity to minimize or prevent any form of ethnoc entrism, confusion and discrimination, intended to create a workplace where harmony breaths. Mak Barker (2013) highlighted that boundaries need to be broken down across cultures within the classroom setting, so that knowledge and expertise can be shared more freely. It can be said that the cultural awareness of other cultures could also have a positive impact on the performance of the classroom. The diversity and multicultural environment can have a positive impact on the overall group performance only when group members are aware of the cultural backgrounds of other students in the class. Moreover, the students should be willing to learn from the cultures of other students. It would be correct to say that the communication would be a key for the overall performance of the group in a multicultural setting. The students or the group members shall focus on effective communication at an individual level and at organizational level so that the performance of the group as a whole could be improved. The classroom can be considered as a closed group where different students would work together with the objective to learn and take knowledge. Different students can have different ways and different methods to acquire knowledge. The multicultural environment provides a lot of opportunity to students to learn from the share values and the differences between cultures. It eventually increases the performance of the classroom as whole. Module 3 A lot of studies have been done in the area of classroom diversity and performance of the group. However, there exist few gaps in the literature that still needs to be explored. It is not clear if the group performance of the classroom would depend on the individual attitude of students or on the leadership of the leader of the classroom (Tarman, 2011). The literature review does suggest that the group performance would depend on the combination of students and leadership policies. However, it is not clear if individual behavior of students is more important or the policies adopted by the classroom leader. The literature review suggests that the performance of the overall classroom would depend on the cultural environment. The literature suggests that the group performance would depend on the type of society. In open societies like USA, Australia the group performance of a diverse group could be more as compared to the group performance of a diverse group in a closed society like China and India (Kyriakides, 2013). However, it is not clear if the overall performance of a classroom would depend more on internal culture of the group or the external society. The existing literature had limited information about the role of classroom leaders. Leaders need to know that they have to build accountability into their systems with regard to their managers taking responsibility for creating a diverse and inclusive work environment. It would be interesting to study the role of classroom leaders in the overall performance of the classroom. Culture awareness is another essential ingredient within toadys leaders attributes in todays classroom environment. The study of the literature suggests that the culture being one of the most powerful forces in the world is central to how students express themselves, perceive and interpret the world. Sometimes, values conflicts as people work together based on the lack of understanding of the different cultures from which we are all from which leads the root of miscommunication. The literature suggests that the communication is a key driver that could have an impact on the performance of the group. However, the exact nature of this impact is not known. It would be interesting to study the role of communication in the overall performance of the classroom. The diverse background of the classroom could be a positive or a negative impact on the overall performance of the classroom. The literature review suggests that the literature is divided into the impact of diversity. Some experts would suggest that diversity would have a positive impact on the group performance and some other experts suggest that diversity and multicultural environment would have a negative impact. Therefor, it would be interesting to study the impact of diversity and reach a definite conclusion. The impact of diversity on the classroom performance would also depend on the type of classrooms. For large classrooms, the impact could be less and for the small classroom, the impact could be high. Therefore, it would be interesting to study this impact. Module 4 With the above literature review and discussion it can be said that diversity has to play a major role in the education and classroom. The first thing for the effective overall performance of the classroom is that the classroom should integrate diversity into all of the processes of their teaching (Deppeler, 2010). Diversity becomes a lens for looking at, identifying, developing, and advancing talent. With the above discussion it can be said that it is vital to understand the significance of workforce diversity and attention to other cultures and, thus, our appreciation of todays global classroom village. Therefore, knowing, understanding and learning about different cultures and countries is a prerequisite when dealing with diversity and multiculturalism at classroom. It would be correct to say that classroom leaders need to have an understanding of the diverse cultures with which they work, students also need to be less sensitive if the leader does have a gap in knowledge about their culture (Burden, 2012). Often, the classroom leader is not being rude or ignorant, they simply do not know and students shall not expect them to be a mind reader. In the todays classroom setting the diversity in student is acceptable as long as the differences in the students do not impact the performance of entire class. In fact, diversity could be a key for students to understand the perspective of other students who belong to different cultures. In this way, a classroom with multicultural setting can have improved performance. The gaps in the research could be fulfilled with more research. A lot of researches have been done in this area and researcher shall focus on the existing researches. The gap in the existing research could be fulfilled with the primary research and the secondary research. My plan to fill the existing research gap is based on three phases. These phases can be discussed as: Phase 1: Base-lining the existing research work The first phase to fill the research group is to baseline the existing research work. In order to baseline the existing research work the existing literature should be studied to make meaningful conclusions. Phase 2: Develop the future goals and objectives Once the base lining is done, the next thing would be to develop the future vision of the research (Pascarella, 2012). The understanding of diverse classrooms and the conflict management in multicultural environment would help to develop the future vision and the objective of research. Phase 3: Actions to achieve future goals and vision The necessary actions to achieve the future goals and vision would be to decide the extent of primary research and the extent of secondary research that would be used in the process to fulfill the existing research gap. The process to fulfill the gap in the existing research work could also include primary research in addition to the secondary research. It is important that the process to fulfill the existing research should be a flexible process so that the changes in the process can be made if required. References Barker, M. C., Mak, A. S. (2013). From classroom to boardroom and ward developing generic intercultural skills in diverse disciplines.Journal of Studies in International Education,17(5), 573-589. Boyle, B., Charles, M. (2011). Education in a multicultural environment: equity issues in teaching and learning in the school system in England.International Studies in Sociology of Education,21(4), 299-314. Bowman, N. A. (2010). College diversity experiences and cognitive development: A meta-analysis.Review of Educational Research,80(1), 4-33. Burden, P. (2012).Classroom management: Creating a successful K-12 learning community. Wiley Global Education. Cole, E. R., Case, K. A., Rios, D., Curtin, N. (2011). Understanding what students bring to the classroom: Moderators of the effects of diversity courses on student attitudes.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,17(4), 397. Gay, G. (2013). Teaching to and through cultural diversity.Curriculum Inquiry,43(1), 48-70. Loes, C., Pascarella, E., Umbach, P. (2012). Effects of diversity experiences on critical thinking skills: who benefits?.The Journal of Higher Education,83(1), 1-25. Loreman, T., Deppeler, J., Harvey, D. (2010).Inclusive Education. Supporting diversity in the classroom. Routledge. Ormrod, J. E. (2013).Educational Psychology: Pearson New International Edition: Developing Learners. Pearson Higher Ed. Tarman, I., Tarman, B. (2011). Developing effective multicultural practices: A case study of exploring a teachers understanding and practices.Journal of International Social Research,4(17), 578-598. Valls, R., Kyriakides, L. (2013). The power of Interactive Groups: how diversity of adults volunteering in classroom groups can promote inclusion and success for children of vulnerable minority ethnic populations.Cambridge Journal of Education,43(1), 17-33. Van Geel, M., Vedder, P. (2010). Multicultural attitudes among adolescents: The role of ethnic diversity in the classroom.Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 1368430210379007. Wright, N. D., Clarke, I. (2010). Preparing marketing students for a global and multicultural work environment: The value of a semester-long study abroad program.Marketing Education Review,20(2), 149-162.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Traveller by Chris Stapleton free essay sample

The year is 2015, and country music has lost its way, stranded on a one-way, one-lane road in unchartered territory. Stuck somewhere between pop and a hard place, the genre that I grew up with is experiencing an identity crisis, largely thanks to numerous figureheads handing the torch to some unsavory characters. The corporate Nashville machine, which of late has been solely concerned with cranking out one-trick ponies, is facing its lowest popularity since 2008, particularly among the 18-to-34 demographic that drove the â€Å"bro country† trend to its peak. That same demographic that launched vapid white bread acts to stardom is now abandoning the genre, leaving country music on a precipice. I don’t have an answer for country music’s plight, but in light of long-time songwriter Chris Stapleton’s first major- ­label release, I do have hope. I didn’t know what to expect from â€Å"Traveller,† given Stapleton’s track record of writing mainstream fodder for acts such as Luke Bryan and Thomas Rhett. We will write a custom essay sample on Traveller by Chris Stapleton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was reluctant to give him my forgiveness for such transgressions, but forgive him I did, because every single song on â€Å"Traveller† shines. Stapleton’s cover of George Jones and David Allan Coe’s song â€Å"Tennessee Whiskey† had the potential to be an ear-sore, but it’s a masterpiece when Stapleton lets loose on the chorus in a deep, effectual way. â€Å"Outlaw State of Mind† threatened to be an overplayed trope of the rebellion cliche that the likes of Eric Church and Brantley Gilbert have beat half to death, but delightful instrumentals redeem what could have been a low point of this album. Stapleton’s vocals, too, are a thing of beauty; their deep passion allays any doubt of his sincerity. This man is country music from his beard to his boots. Take a look at that beard if you haven’t. â€Å"Traveller† does have a smattering of Southern rock and a fleeting hint of soul, but this is the traditional country album that fans have been begging for. Every track conveys Stapleton’s talent, especially the live recording of â€Å"Sometimes I Cry,† which ends with the cheering of fans in Nashville’s famous Studio A. There are other acts out there doing great things – Jason Isbell and Sturgill Simpson come to mind – but Stapleton and his glorious â€Å"Traveller† should and will give everyone pause. He has the chops to help raise country music back to its former glory, what with his extensive experience in the music industry and time spent in bands such as Steeldrivers. At 37, Stapleton has traveled, performed, and written. He has seen it all, and that’s reflected in his lyrics. I hope that every â€Å"flavor of the week† artist in country music sets their bottle of Fireball and their cutoff shirts down for long enough to see that when the temporary fans have flocked to the next rising trend, true country fans and their artists will remain right here where we’ve been all along.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

20 Psychology Dissertation Ideas That Will Work for You

20 Psychology Dissertation Ideas That Will Work for You In our first guide, 10 facts for dissertation on principles of psychology, we discussed ten credible facts about principles of psychology to help you write a better, more concise dissertation paper. In this second guide, you are provided with 20 dissertation ideas that will work for you, so that you can start writing fluently, without worrying about spending hours on research or evaluating what topic to choose. We have also included a sample based on one of the 20 Psychology dissertation ideas which would help you tremendously in writing an excellent dissertation paper. We highly recommend that you read our third and final guide as well, guide for a winner dissertation on principles of psychology, which rounds off the three-guide set nicely by helping you compose a successful dissertation on Principles of Psychology. After all, there’s no harm in gaining the respect and admiration of your professor. Without further ado, here are 20 topics on principles of psychology: Understanding the Most Famous Psychological Metaphor of James – Stream of Consciousness What’s the Main Perspective Shared by James-Lange Theory? The Perception of Human Habits According to the Studies of Psychology Does Free Will Exist? What do Psychologists Have to Say about it? The Influence and Perception of Principles of Psychology Pioneer Principles of Psychology that Changed the Whole Perception of How Humans See Their Consciousness Anonymous Fields of Psychology Besides Consultation, Hypnosis and Therapies What are the Respective Roles of Research-Psychologists and Psychologist-Practitioners? Why All Humans Are Considered Scientists According to Psychologists What is Psychobiology and Who was the Pioneer behind This Phenomenon? The Structure and Functions of the Brain as well as the Central Nervous System How Neural and Endocrinological Systems Work in Our Brain The Psychological Consequences of Stress and Depression How Stress can Cause Cardiovascular Diseases due to Lifestyle Behaviors or SNS Effects Aspects of Behavioral Psychology that Have Direct Applications in OHS How Organisms Learn about the Connections between Consequences, Behaviors and Situations What do Psychologists Mean by Positive Reinforcement and Punishment? Types of Reinforcements that are Readily Applicable in Workplace Situations The Development of Cognitive Psychology and its Role in the Field of Psychosis What is Personality Psychology and What Varieties of Approaches Have Proved Controversial? Great topics, were they not? If you are having trouble choosing a topic, consider choosing a topic which sounds simple, easy to write and one which you know something about. This would really help you save a lot of time. As promised, we have also included a sample which is written on one of the above topics, to ensure that you become fully aware of how a dissertation should be composed. Don’t forget to read our final guide, guide for a winning dissertation on principles of psychology; it’s a must read and should be read in order to make sure that you get the most out of these three guides. Without further ado, here is the sample: Sample Dissertation: What do Psychologists Mean by Positive Reinforcement and Punishment? We are all well aware of the scientific study on the mind and human behavior, which came to be known as Psychology. However, there are many methods, techniques and principles we don’t know yet. Two of the most commonly used methods of determining human behavior are positive reinforcement and punishment. These methods are most commonly used in Behavioral Psychology. The main objective is to condition the behavior of a particular human being or animal. Behavioral Psychology is interpreted as the study and psychology of learning and motivation. A research was conducted on hungry cats that were put in a closed box with a lever â€Å"to open the box†, so they could eat the food which was right outside the box. Even though initially, the cats responded as they normally do if they get stuck in a situation like, once they became aware of the fact that pulling the lever would open the box and allow them to eat the food – they adapted quickly. This kind of behavior that’s controlled by consequences, indicates that a stimulus (the box in this case) leads to a response (pulling of the lever for food delivery) which is then reinforced (adapting to ‘the pulling of the lever’ in order to eat the food). For example, when a child is told to behave well at the shopping mall while his parents shop and he follows the orders, he might receive a chocolate bar, which clearly is â€Å"positive reinforcement†. On the other hand, if the child misbehaves, he gets grounded at home: â€Å"punishment†. The concept of Behavioral Psychology has been heavily influencing many domains including education and health care. While Behavioral Psychology has allowed psychologists and psychiatrists to understand human psychology better, it becomes a little problematic when behaviorism is taken to its full extent. However, it’s been an effective treatment for some disorders and has helped explain behavioral connections along with increasing and decreasing the likelihood of particular behaviors. While behaviorism can be a little too dangerous when it’s exceeded beyond its cautionary limit, it has helped the realm of science and human species in wonderful ways. For the betterment of humanity, it’s very helpful for the human species to discover more about human psychology, which would eventually change the way we think about ourselves. That’s it! Now you should check out our final guide, guide for a winning dissertation on principles of psychology, which would help you write and compose a perfect dissertation to wow your professor. References: Schwartz, B. Robbins, S. J. (1995). The Psychology of Learning and Behavior. 4th Ed. WW Norton Co. Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton Century Crofts. Stone, E. R., Yates, J. F., Parker, A. M. (1994). Risk communication: Absolute versus relative expressions of low-probability risks. Organizational Behavior Human Decision Processes, 60(3), 387–408. Sutherland, H. J., Lockwood, G. A., Tritchler, D. L., Sem, F., Brooks, L., Till, J. E. (1991). Communicating probabilistic information to cancer patients: Is there noise on the line? Social Science Medicine, 32(6), 725–731. Swenson, R. (2006). Review of clinical and functional neuroscience. Chapter 9 – Limbic system. Dartmouth Medical School. Retrieved from dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_9.html Theorell, T., Karasek, R. A. (1996). Current issues relating to psychosocial job strain and cardiovascular disease research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 9–26. Thomas, C. L. (Ed). (1985). Taber’s cyclopedic medical dictionary (15th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company. Thorndike, E. L. (1911). Animal Intelligence. New York: The Macmillan Company. Tversky, A. Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131. UCL (University College London). (2011). Whitehall II (also known as the Stress Health Study). Retrieved from ucl.ac.uk/whitehallII/ Webster, R. (1996). Why Freud was wrong: Sin, science, and psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Basic Books. Weinstein, N. D., Klein, W. M. (1996). Unrealistic optimism: Present and future. Journal of Social Clinical Psychology, 15, 1–8. Weiten, W. (2008). Psychology: Themes and variations (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Scenario Analysis In Finance Essay Example

Scenario Analysis In Finance Essay Example Scenario Analysis In Finance Essay Scenario Analysis In Finance Essay Finance Scenario Analysis Introduction Scenario 1: Increased expenses used in financing Increasing the level of expenses alongside increased revenues in the overall leads to a decrease in the EBIT. The increase in the amount of expenses happens to be at a higher rate than that the increase in the revenue and this depreciates the level of operating income obtained after deducting expenses. Expenses such as advertising, sales and distribution as well as administration expenses have a heavy weight on the income level and this leads to the reduction in the profits level of the company. From the analysis, it is clear that the increase in the amount of corporate expenses as well as the selling, general and administrative expenses from (2.2M, 12.9M) in 1997 to (4.2M, 30.7M) in 1999 significantly affects the operating income. Ideally, selling, general and administrative expenses take a significant portion of the expenses. Irrespective of the tax amount charged, the net profit after taxes will always decrease with increase in the variable and fixed expenses. In the above scenari o, EBIT decreased from $157,501 in 2001 to $252,034 in year 2004. Scenario 2: Financing assets through significant capital expenditure Ideally, increasing the amount of capital allocated to making capital expenditures through investment in assets is profitable and though leads to incurring of huge initial outlay, it results to increase in revenues especially when the items acquired are used in the generation of additional cashflows. The assets purchased have different payback times and while others take a short time to generate revenues which cover the costs incurred in purchasing them, others have long payback times but the overall aim was to generate an incremental cashflow which in this case can be seen to have increased from $2.035M in 1997 to 18.6M in 2001 and finally to $138.7 M in 2004. Scenario 3: Increasing debt ratio and earning per share The increase in debt ratio which is brought about by increasing borrowings from external sources can be seen to have a negative effect on the cashflows mainly because it leads to the reduction in the equity level. Failure of the organization to generate enough cashflows from utilizing its assets efficiently and to be in a position to repay off its debts is what makes the cashflows adverse. One of the consequence of this is reduced earnings per share since more money is used to pay off debts and less is distributed to the shareholders.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Office Development Activity in New York City Essay

Office Development Activity in New York City - Essay Example The building costs themselves have slowed down after the much talked about real estate bubble (Tom Acitelli, Sep 2006). However, the cost of the properties has gone for a spin and has risen to levels well beyond one hundred and forty percent of the GDP. In this paper, we will analyze the growth of the real estate business specifically the commercial properties and the way they have been rising (and falling, if any) before we go on to take a look at the current days. Subsequently an analysis of the current scene would let us know the future trends. There will also be a short analysis of the status of the rental of offices and the fluctuations in the rental pricings specifically in the New York region. Finally, a short comparison between the rental and the ownership market of the real estate will be taken up to check which would be the best option for an office to go in the current scenario. All these will be presented in here for analysis and study. In order to trace the rise and fall of a market, it is always useful to monitor the change that is happening in the market for the last ten years at least. ... Figure 1: The stock market bubble (dot com) and the Real Estate Assets from left to right. The last ten years have seen the change in the price of real estate stock steadily increasing and gathering speed after the dot com crash. This was an investment option that people have taken to after the crash not knowing where to put their money in. More over it is also seen that the real estate, unlike dot com where most of the investors were speculators, here most of the people are investors for life time. Many things went in line with the investment. Interest rates were attractive and it worked out cheaper to buy a house rather than to lease it out. Economic Status The economic status of the country and of its people also plays a vital role in the real estate rental and cost. Normal indexes that are compared or monitored for this purpose are mortgage rates, Consumer Price Index, job creation, productivity, federal deficit and consumer confidence apart from payroll and other social considerations. In addition GDP is also an indicator of the change in economic status and the price of the real estate or the rental of the real estate. (Miller Samuel, 2006) Figure 2: GDP and Manhattan Median Sales Price The green on the graph is the US Gross Domestic Product while the Red is the Manhattan Median Real Estate prices year on year growth percentage marked on a quarterly basis. This clearly shows that the price variation in the market has been directly linked to the GDP variations in the last 10 years. Variation in the GDP has accounted for a similar change in the Manhattan prices. There might have been shorter and smaller variations at times, but by and large, it has been

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Gigabit Token Ring Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gigabit Token Ring - Research Paper Example It is possible to make use either of the first two token rings in the same equipment. The drawback to this functionality is that the introduction of a new device to such network brings problems to the entire ring (Carlo, 1998). The token ring was first initiated by IBM in the early 80s in their research facility located in Zurich. In 1985, IBM launched its fist token-ring product as a form of adapter that could be used in their original personal computers. In the following year, in collaboration with Texas Instruments, they jointly developed a chipset to help other companies to develop devices that are compatible with the token ring. The year 1989 saw IBM introduce an improved version of their earlier token ring model which had a speed of 4 Mbit/sec. The improved version had a speed of 16 Mbit/sec and in line with this development; the IEEE 802.5 standard was extended to cover it (Muller, 2003). In the year 1994, the leading suppliers of token ring created the Alliance for Strategic Token-ring Advancement and Leadership (ASTRAL) whose main mission was increase the speed of Token-Ring technology to counter the ever rising popularity of Ethernet technology. The members of this group included: ACE/North Hills, 3Com, Bytex, Bay Networks, Cabletron, Chipcom , Centillion, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, , Intel, Olicom ,Madge, Racore, Proteon, Texas Instruments, SMC, UB Networks., Xircom, and XPoint (Muller, 2003). In 1997, a revised version of 802.5 standards was developed which marked the introduction of Dedicated Token-Ring. It was a form of full duplex token ring that bypassed the usual protocol used by token ring in data transfer. A single station thus had the capability of sending and receiving data streams concurrently. This had the effect of doubling the transfer rate of any token ring such that a 4 Mbit/sec dedicated Token-ring station acquired an overall transfer rate of 8 Mbit/sec. They are mainly Type 1, type 6 and type 3. The first wiring done on token ring

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Gender Speech Community Essay Example for Free

Gender Speech Community Essay Abstract This research paper will focus on the human language. Human language is extremely significant for all peoples. My main topic for this paper is how we use and develop language, the production of language, language acquisition and the importance of the critical period. Chomsky, Skinner, and Whorf all had various theories on language but all had one major thing in common, which was the significance of language. Regardless of when or how language is developed; it is essential to have living in environment where every one using language to talk, learn and receive knowledge. The Ways in Which People Use and Develop Language and The Effects it May Have on a Person If a person does not develop oral language this will affect the way in which people communicate with other people. From birth throughout their lives time people are taught the uses of language and create a way of communication. Language is the main component for all humans. â€Å"The use of language-the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules-is a central cognitive ability, one that is indispensable for us to communicate with one another† (Stapel Semin, 2007; Hoff; 2008; Resiberg). Language is essential to how we communicate, think, and understand the world. Without language our ability to convey information, obtain knowledge and cooperate with others would be hindered. This paper looks at Chomsky, Benjamin Lee Whorf and B.J. Skinners theories on language acquisition and why language it is so important to have and what could happen to a person if he/she were isolated from society. In order to comprehend how language is created and relates to thought, we first need to know that the basic structure of language is grammar. Grammar is a set of rules that clarifies how our thoughts can be articulated. There are three main elements that go with grammar; they are phonology, syntax, and semantics. Phonology is the study of the smallest unit of speech called phonemes. Phonemes are the way we use sounds to form words and produce meaning. Syntax deals with how words and phrases can be united to form sentences and semantic rules allow us to express meanings to words. Feldman, Robert S. (2011). Although many people may have a hard time explaining the meanings of these words, we all subconsciously use grammar every day in a linguistic way! Language starts during infancy from three months through one-year- old. Children begin to make insignificant speech like sounds that is called babble. In the textbook Feldman, Robert S. (2011) stated that while babbling, they produce, at one time or another, any of the sounds found in all languages, not just the one to which are exposed. Even deaf children demonstrate their own form of babbling, who are incapable to hear, yet who are exposed to sign language from birth babble in their own way. In the same textbook I stated before Feldman, Robert S. (2011); indicates that babies’ babbling imitates the precise language being spoken in the infant’s environment which focuses more on the pitch and tone of the person talking to the child. As the baby gets older, he or she starts to specialize in the language that they were exposed to from birth. To support what I am saying I read an article called Language and Brain Development â€Å"Jump Start† copyright United Feature Syndicate stated that â€Å"a child is introduced to language virtually at the moment of birth. Children do not require explicit language instruction, but they do need exposure to language in order to develop normally. Children who do not receive linguistic input during their formative years do not achieve native like grammatical competence.† There were three theorists that had their own speculation on language acquisition but intertwined with my thesis. Let us begin with Noam Chomsky. Chomsky was a very well- known linguist. He believes that human brains have a language acquisition device that we are inborn with. All children are born with a universal grammar that makes them amenable to the common features of language because of this hard-wired background in grammar; children easily pick up a language when they are exposed to its particular grammar. Http://www.brighthubeducation.com/language-learning-tips/71728-noam-chomsky-language-acquisition-theories/. Basically Chomsky believed that all children develop language around the same age and all develop language skills rapidly and naturally. The next theorist was Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorf’s theory is that children will learn language skills through interaction with others rather than obtain the knowledge involuntarily. He was recognized for his study that focused on a person’s thinking skills, how their ideas and expressions all depend on language. He anticipated a theory called â€Å"linguistic relativity.† This theory determines the way people think. In other words â€Å"â€Å"we think in terms of words or other symbols, and they are required as a precondition for a human to form an idea—or, at least, to express the idea to others. Although thinking involves mental manipulation of reality, it is heavily dependent upon words or other symbols.† Bergman. Jerry (Benjamin Lee Whorf: An Early Supporter of Creationism). My last theorist was B.F. Skinner. Skinner thought language is attained through standards of conditioning, association, imitation and, reinforcement. The difference from Chomsky and Skinner one believed he or she is born with language where Skinner believed that people have to be taught how to speak by some one’s language acquisition. All three theorists have their own assumptions on language acquisition. Chomsky believes we are born with the skills for language. Skinner believes children is learn through imitation that focuses on behavior and Whorf thought language was developed by interaction with peers rather than being born with it. The one major factor that they all share is the importance of language from birth. If children are deprived of language from the start they will suffer drastically, which proves my statement in the beginning; which was, children who are isolated from language and communication from the early ages will deal with major effects when they are older. A major period that some theorists believe is crucial for language development is called the critical period, which can cause many effects in learning language. From the article â€Å"Introduction Brain and Language† explained what the critical-age hypothesis was. This theory believes language is organically based and the capacity to learn your inhabitant language develops from birth to middle childhood. Subsequent to this period, the attainment of grammar is complicated for most people and never fully grasped. Children who are not exposed of language during this critical period will have a difficult time overcoming this deficit. This concept can be proved to be true in humans and other species. 22. Introduction Brain and Language gave an example of ducklings. For instance, from nine to twenty-one months after hatching, ducks will follow the first moving object they see regardless if it is a duck or not. This behavior did not come subconsciously but from an â€Å"external teaching, or intensive practice.† Other examples of the critical period that is strongly associated to language learning is the critical period in certain songbirds, e.g., zebra finches or white crowned sparrows (Marler, 1970). For children there have been cases that support this theory. For instance, there was a young boy who was isolated from society also known as the â€Å"wild† child. In the film produced by Francois Truffaut â€Å"The Wild Child† was based on a young boy named Victor. It was determined that he was left in forest and survived shockingly. (Language and Brain Development 23.) In the YouTube documentary we learned that Victor was not capable to speak or recognize language. He was brought to Paris where he was first put into a deaf school, but after Francois Truffaut observes Victor he believes he can hear and can be educated. After a while, Victor begins to gain some kind of language from being in society. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY). Another perfect example that supports the conjecture of the critical period is a girl named Genie. Genie as well as Victor was a wild child. Genie was abused and isolated from all society from eighteen months to about fourteen years of age. Genie was restricted to a small room under terrible conditions and received minimal to none of human contact. Genie was not able to talk or knew any language at all. (Language and Brain Development 23) said â€Å"this linguistic inability could simply be caused by the fact that these children received no linguistic input, showing that language acquisition, though an innate, neurologically based ability, must be triggered by input from the environment.† Like Victor, Genie learned some kind of language but lacked â€Å"grammatical structure.† Possessing language is essential to have living in a society. Without language you would not be able to communicate, give, and receive knowledge. For instance Genie; in (Introduction Brain and Language) said â€Å"The cases of Genie and other isolated children, as well as deaf late learners of ASL, show that children cannot fully acquire language unless they are exposed to it within the critical period—a biologically determined window of opportunity during which time the brain is prepared to develop language.† People use and develop language in their lives and it is important to have developed it in an early age. References Feldman, Robert S. (2011). Essentials of Understanding Psychology â€Å"Jump Start† copyright . United Feature Syndicate. Reprinted with permission. Introduction Brain and Language http://suite101.com/article/how-we-learn-language-a158847 Aitchinson, Jean (1976). The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Hutchinson Co. http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development.html http://www.icr.org/article/6391/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dA2W0SwIwY

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Flogging Of Jesus :: essays research papers

John 18:39- but it is your custom for me to release to you one prisoner at the time of the Passover. Do you want me to release `the king of the Jews'?"King of Jews- He's not the king of the Jews, He's slapping them in the face.The same thing Jesus was being accused of Barnabbas did.JN 19:1 Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged. [2] The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his head. They clothed him in a purple robe [3] and went up to him again and again, saying, "Hail, king of the Jews!" And they struck him in the face.Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged.This is your Messiah people, this is not VBS, or bible study, this is the Messiah that is in love with you.MT 27:27 Then the governor's soldiers took Jesus into the Praetorium and gathered the whole company of soldiers around him. [28] They stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him, [29] and then twisted together a crown of thorns and set it on his head. They put a staff in his right hand and knelt in front of him and mocked him. "Hail, king of the Jews!" they said. [30] They spit on him, and took the staff and struck him on the head again and again. [31] After they had mocked him, they took off the robe and put his own clothes on him. Then they led him away to crucify him.Flogging- basically they tied his hands and tied him against a pole. And his buttocks were shown to the audience. He is completely and totally naked. They have the whip of the 'cat of nine tails'. It has bones and steel balls in it. The bones are put in so that, when he is whipped the bones will stay in his body. And they will rip it back and rip his skin apart. He's been awake for over 24 hours. And now he's standing there, as the steel balls hit him and start hammering away at his bones. And as they rip it back there is blood and skin flying all over his body. His bones start sticking out of his chest and his back. As they continue to hit him†¦ 1, 2, 3,†¦ 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 times. Each time they hit Him and bring it back the bones from the whip continue to rip His skin apart.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Child Beauty Pageant

Formal Outline: Child Beauty pageant Introduction: 1. How many of you guys have heard or seen the show Toddler and Tiaras? It’s a show where toddlers and young children take stage wearing make ups, spray tans and fake hair to be judged on beauty, personality and costumes. Tiaras are following families on their guest for sparkly crowns, big tittles, and lots of cash. 2. Preview : I think child beauty pageant is absolutely unacceptable. Children should be on the play ground playing games, be active and have fun not, wear makeup and have fake tan and get judged for their â€Å"beauty†. . Thesis: We should show and teach the younger generation that beauty is not everything; we should not let little young girls participate in beauty contest. They are growing too fast, they don’t even understand the whole thing and usually they are dragged by their parents & you don’t even know if that’s actually something the child wants to do. Body : 1. First main point : Is beauty everything? What are we really teaching these young kids? When a interviewer asks most child beauty contestants â€Å"which one would you rather be? Smart or beautiful? and most of them answered beautiful, this is something not a little 5-8 year old should be responding. It’s scary enough to know that they have an idea of what beauty means, this is something we should only worry about when we are older. * Sub point: These beauty pageant contests has taught them that being beautiful means being fake and superficial. * Sub point: They are growing too fast, makeup and hair products can do a lot of harm to little kids face and their hair. * Sub point: I understand that some pageant are for scholarships, good cause and family bonding time but there are always other ways you can do those things.I think entering a beauty contest is little bit extreme and can really ruin how kids feel about themselves and the world. * Sub point: It wouldn’t be bad if they are doi ng natural beauty contest, I don’t have anything against them but most of the child beauty pageant are not. Transition: some parents take the beauty pageant too far and far too serious because some of them took drastic measures. Second main point: Botox 1. This is one of the most ridiculous I have ever seen and heard â€Å"a mother injected her 8-year old daughter with Botox. † (Good morning America)The mother said â€Å"I knew she was complaining about her face, having wrinkles, and things like that when I brought it up to Britney she was all for it† 2. What kid needs Botox for wrinkles? And do these parents do whatever their children ask for? I don’t want to judge how to raise their own children but injecting your own kid with Botox is crossing the line. She also admitted that she was actually encouraged by other stage mothers and they do it to their children. 3. The Botox procedure is done by the mother herself; she is not even a doctor? When they aske d little Britney if Botox hurt she said â€Å" yes but its less than getting her legs waxed†Transition: Is it really for their children? Why are these parents taking it so far? Third main point: 1. Of course all these pageant moms say they are doing this for their kid, but teaching their kids to being superficial and fake is not the right way. They want their kid to win, they make it important for their kids to win and these young kids are being pressure to win â€Å"beauty† contest. The parents usually say it makes their daughter feels beautiful, confidences and get use to pressure, what if they lose? What does that do to the kid? 2. These kids are not ready for those things; they need to learn those slowly.Growing up too fast is bad for them and giving them a mental picture that beauty is everything. Conclusion : Which brings me back to my first main point: that we should be teaching our kids to have fun and tell them how education is important and outside beauty is important. The only beauty they should know is about inner beauty and being a nice person not about make ups and being skinny. Clincher: In conclusion, I hope all of you guys feels the same way as me or at least close to it because these little kids don’t need to be judged on their â€Å"beauty† don’t let them ruin their childhood and say NO to child beauty pageant.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Literary History and the Concept of Literature Essay

Literary history and the concept of literature I From the 1970s onwards, much has been said about the writing of history and literary history that has cast doubt on its intellectual credibility. For example, Hayden White’s Metahistory (1973) included an influential analysis of the metaphorical foundations of 19th century history writing. In 1979, Jean-Francois Lyotard criticized grand narratives in La Condition postmoderne (The Postmodern Condition), and in 1992 David Perkins presented a whole array of sceptical epistemological and methodological arguments directed against literary history in Is Literary History Possible?. The questioning of literary history has not however resulted in the abandonment of large-scale literary-historical projects, rather it has inspired attempts to base such ventures on better designs and better foundations. Not least, many new ideas about the field have been put forward in connection with the preparation of two major works of literary history sponsored by the ICLA. It is also natural to point to two theoretical publications from 2002: the collection of essays, Rethinking Literary History, edited by Linda Hutcheon and Mario J. Valdes, and Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer’s brief presentation of the ideas behind a history of literary cultures in East-Central Europe. [ii] The Swedish project â€Å"Literature and Literary History in Global Contexts†, which was started in 1998 and will terminate in 2004, focuses specifically on some theoretical problems associated with the writing of literary history. We who participate come, mostly, from various fields within oriental studies or from comparative literature. Since the project is sponsored by the Swedish Research Council we all work, or once worked, at various Swedish universities. One of the special features of the project is the interest devoted to world histories of literature, a genre where the general problems of literary history become especially visible and acute. (I shall return to this perhaps unfamiliar genre in a moment. ) Three important cruces in connection with world histories of literature have been singled out for special discussion within the project: (i) the understanding of the notion of literature, (ii) the understanding of genres, and (iii) the understanding of interactions between literary cultures. These three sets of issues will be made the subject of four volumes of literary-historical studies and theoretical reflections, and these volumes will represent the main concrete outcome of the project. In this paper, I shall concentrate on the first of the questions, about the notion of literature. I shall say a few words about the concept of literature itself, point out some of the difficulties that it occasions in a world history of literature, and conclude with a brief discussion of how such problems may be approached and dealt with. II In a sense, of course, there are very many concepts of literature: if every nuance is taken into account, it may well be the case that each person has their own. Yet if, conversely, one looks at the situation very broadly, one can say that there is an everyday concept of literature in Western culture which is widely shared. That concept came into being in the course of the 18th century. Before that, no exact counterpart to our present concept of literature existed either in Western culture or elsewhere, and the distinction between imaginative literature and non-fiction was not of primary importance in the classification of texts. Wilt Idema and Lloyd Haft have given a concise and clarifying account of how earlier cultures thought about texts and their basic divisions. As long as no more than a few written works are in circulation in a given society, all texts are more or less equally important and valuable. If there is a dramatic increase in the number of writings, with a corresponding differentiation in their content and character, the texts are likely to be subdivided into the categories of â€Å"high† literature, professional literature, and popular literature. â€Å"Literature† (or high literature) is then the term for texts which are felt to be of general educational value and which are, accordingly, regarded as part of the necessary intellectual baggage of every cultured person†¦. Works which contain useful knowledge but remain limited to one specific area, such as medicine or military science, are classified as professional literature. Works intended only to amuse, and which have (or are considered to have) no educational value, fall outside the scope of â€Å"literature†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We may call these more or less despised writings â€Å"trivial literature†. In the kind of intellectual culture described in this quotation, the fundamental distinction among texts is the one between culturally important texts and culturally less significant ones. In most such cultures – classical antiquity, classical Chinese culture, classical Sanskrit culture, and so forth – the class of culturally important texts would comprise most of what we call poetry, history writing, and philosophy, and normally also other kinds of texts – some administrative texts, some texts concerning magic, some letters, et cetera. Oral vernacular texts, or relatively unadorned fictional narratives, what we call fictional prose, would normally form part of popular or trivial literature. For complex social, economic, and cultural reasons, this way of classifying texts came to undergo great though gradual transformations in Western Europe from the late 17th to the early 19th centuries. One of the very many crucial factors behind the process must have been the growing importance of a new, more rigorous conception of empirical truth, associated with the natural sciences. High literature, in the special sense described by Idema and Haft, had always aspired to truth in the sense of great human significance. As the distinction between empirical truth and empirical non-truth became more rigid and more significant – and as many other, more or less related developments were taking place – new groupings began to emerge in the textual universe. Poetry became dissociated from scientific writings, and successively also from history, philosophy, oratory, and letters. On the other hand, fictional prose, especially in the guise of the increasingly appreciated novel, came to be regarded as one of the genres of poetry. With this, our modern notion of literature had effectively taken shape, and the term â€Å"literature† (whose main meaning in the 17th and 18th centuries had been something like â€Å"education† or â€Å"culture†) successively developed into today’s normal designation of the concept. [v] III The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw the beginning of the writing of literary history – of the history of national European literatures, of the history of European literature as a whole and, at least from the 1830s onwards, of the world history of literature. World histories of literature thus comprise a genre which has existed for around 170 years. Among its modern instances are such impressive works as the German twenty-five volume Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft (New Handbook of Literary Studies), published between 1972 and 2002, and the Russian Istorija vsemirnoj literatury v devjati tomach (History of World Literature in Nine Volumes) from 1983-94. [vii] However in the English-speaking world the genre is more or less extinct, and its very existence appears to be overlooked in the contemporary international discussion about the globalization of literary studies. These debates are primarily inspired by the widespread interest in colonial and postcolonial studies and place the last few centuries at the centre of attention, while the traditional world histories of literature are, in principle, universal in scope, and are meant to cover all times and cultures. In many respects, it seems a good idea to have a world history of literature to fall back on. Such works can relate the various literary cultures of the world to one another and put them into perspective. Thus they may create a much needed overview, much as a map of the world helps us to comprehend certain fundamental geographical realities. To some extent, works like the Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft and the Istorija vsemirnoj literatury do just that, and of course they also contain a wealth of information and intelligent discussion. Yet, despite their often remarkable qualities, world histories of literature are typically profoundly problematic for a number of reasons. Two major problems have their roots in the very concept of literature. First, the concept is, in itself, an everyday notion. If employed without additional explications or stipulations, it is too imprecise and inconsistent to form the basis of a reasonable classification. Second, the concept of literature is a relatively recent Western invention. Its application to other times and cultures will easily lead to anachronistic and ethnocentric distortions. On the whole, world histories of literature are content to sweep such problems under the carpet. They typically prefer to rely on the everyday notion of literature and to include the resulting contradictions in the bargain. For instance, the concept of literature is traditionally used in such a manner that the criteria for a work to be classified as literature vary depending on the time and the culture one is speaking of. Modern literature is most often seen as consisting of just fictional prose, poetry, and drama. When there is talk of older periods, the concept of literature is however used very inclusively. [ix] For example, ancient Roman philosophy, history, and oratory are not excluded as being non-fiction; instead, such writers as Lucrece, Caesar, and Cicero are considered part of the European literary heritage. The same duality appears in the treatment of other literary cultures. Thus, for instance, the sacred Vedic texts (circa 1200 – circa 500 B. C.).

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Early History of Football

The Early History of Football Derived from the English game of rugby, American football was started in 1879 with rules instituted by Walter Camp, player and coach at Yale University. Walter Camp Walter Camp was born April 17, 1859, in New Haven, Connecticut. He attended Yale from 1876 to 1882, where he studied medicine and business. Walter Camp was an author, athletic director, chairman of the board of the New Haven Clock Company, and director of the Peck Brothers Company. He was the general athletic director and head advisory football coach at Yale University from 1888-1914, and chairman of the Yale football committee from 1888-1912. Camp played football at Yale and helped evolve the rules of the game away from Rugby and Soccer rules into the rules of American Football as we know them today. One precursor to Walter Camps influence was William Ebb Ellis, a student at the Rugby School in England. In 1823, Ellis was the first person noted for picking up the ball during the soccer game and running with it, thereby breaking and changing the rules. In 1876, at the Massosoit convention, the first attempts at writing down the rules of American football were made. Walter Camp edited every American Football rulebook until his death in 1925. Walter Camp contributed the following changes from Rugby and Soccer to American football: one side retained undisputed possession of the ball until that side gives up the ball as a result of its own violationsthe line of scrimmage11 on a team instead of 15created the quarterback and center positionsforward passstandardized the scoring system, numerical scoringcreated the safety, interference, penalties, and the neutral zonetackling as low as the knee was permitted - 1888a touchdown increased in value to six points and field goals went down to three points - 1912 The NFL or the National Football League was formed in 1920. A1903 Princeton and Yale Football Game was filmed by Thomas A. Edison

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Easy Maple Syrup Crystals For Kids

Easy Maple Syrup Crystals For Kids Making maple syrup crystals is a fun project for children. Its great for adults, too, since the maple syrup crystals may be used as a flavorful sweetener in drinks or other treats. Maple syrup crystals have a more complex flavor than sugar crystals or rock candy. Heres how to make the crystals. Method 1 Heat a cup of pure maple syrup in a pan over medium heat.Stir and heat the syrup until it starts to thicken or you start to see crystals forming on the bottom or side of the pan.Pour the syrup onto a chilled plate and allow the syrup to crystallize. If you pour the syrup onto a dark-colored plate, it will be easier to watch the crystals form. Method 2 Cover a baking sheet or shallow dish with a layer of water. You only need about 1/4 inch of water. Freeze the dish to make ice.Heat a cup of pure maple syrup in a pan over medium heat.Heat the syrup, stirring constantly, until it has a thick consistency. Remove the pan from heat.Remove the dish of ice from the freezer. Drop spoonfuls of the hot syrup onto the ice. The sudden temperature change will cause crystals to form within minutes.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

NUTRITION AND DENTAL HYGIENE IN THE ELDERLY Essay

NUTRITION AND DENTAL HYGIENE IN THE ELDERLY - Essay Example Efforts to help them independently brush can be made by strapping their toothbrush on their hand with a wide elastic band; enlarging brush handles by taping it to a sponge; and lengthening the handle of toothbrushes through tongue depressors. Automatic flossers can be used to help them floss; or while flossing their teeth for them, music can be played or the TV can be turned off to provide some distraction (Paterson, 2000). For those with dentures, their gums and the roofs of their mouths must be gently brushed with toothpaste for the removal of plaque and for the stimulation of gums; their dentures must be cleaned daily and all residues of food removed (Paterson, 2000). In order to improve the oral health of the elderly, a nutritional assessment must first be carried out in order to determine the patient’s diet and determine if he is taking in the proper foods to remain healthy. The patient’s daily water intake must also be evaluated. The goal for the patient is for hi m to receive and achieve an energy intake of from 30 to 40kcal/kg/day and a protein intake 1.2 to 1.5 g protein/kg/day (Haute Autorite de Sante, 2007). The French National Nutrition Health Program is also recommended for these patients.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Opportunity cost direct and indirect cost.&marginal cost, average cost Assignment

Opportunity cost direct and indirect cost.&marginal cost, average cost and sunk cost - Assignment Example Foregone opportunity cost is the cost of the discarded cost choice, the $50 work (McEachern 30). Q2. Last month, I was on a pondering mood. I had to scrutinize a sunk cost obstacle. A sunk cost is cost that had been previously used or paid, not recoverable (Mankiw 262). Gathering and analyzing the gym cost facts paid Last August 2012. The average activity cost was higher than the marginal cost. Marginal cost is higher than the basic cost. The cost is also known as incremental cost (Geetika384). I paid only $25 for one month’s unlimited use of the Gym. On the other hand, the average activity cost was $ 5 for each class. The average activity cost is the mean of all the relevant total activity costs (Taylor 214). Since I projected to attend 28 classes in one week, the total cost summed up to $ 140. Consequently, $140 is definitely higher than the $25

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

American Government Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Government - Personal Statement Example It is feared only a percentage of payment of benefits will be raised from FICA taxes, thus causing an imbalance that will need to be found from the Social Security Trust Fund, which as years go by will diminish. Recent economic events have increased levels of unemployment; meaning less people are paying into the Social Security system. Some may invest into an unsuitable private system or none at all; this raises questions as to what would happen to them and their surviving relatives in the event of disability/retirement or death, thus the effectiveness of privatisation is doubtful. For those who invest privately, this may mean better benefits are paid, than the Social Security system offers (Shipman, 1995). However, an element of risk concerns private investment, whereby people could lose out if private companies collapse/become bankrupt due to the economy (or due to dishonest investments), and that amounts paid could vary according to stock markets (Campbell and Feldstein, 2001). If Social Security is privatised, I will need to give greater thought to the future, much earlier. Private plans need to be put in place to ensure financial stability in retirement, and in case of long-term disability or death.

Monday, October 28, 2019

Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

Industrial Revolution Essay Friederich Engels), The Sadler Commission Testimonies, and the selections from Elizabeth Gaskells novel North and South we are able to witness how the Industrial Revolution impacted both economic and social aspects of life during that time. No one can doubt that the Industrial Revolution provided advantages that ultimately helped mold our society into the modern world that we know and love. However, the disadvantages were way more detrimental to those that lived through the Industrial Revolution. Harsh polluted living and working conditions, social class tension and cruel child and family labor ere all drawbacks that can not be ignored and overlooked by the Industrial Revolutions now present successes. The Industrial Revolution brought about Emigration and Urbanization. Prior to the Industrial Revolution many families resided in rural farming areas on the countryside. They were considered peasants that used farming and agriculture as a means for money and stability. Although many families stayed in the life of farming, many other families decided to move into the cities to look for Jobs doing industrial work in the coalmines and cotton mills. Living conditions in the urban cities were definitely a dramatic change. Instead of rural wide-open fresh-aired land, they were cramped up in overpopulated and polluted cities. Overall the cities were not exactly the cleanest places to live. They were also filled with both air and water pollution. The factories expelled harmful toxins likes soot and ashes into the air, causing the quality of air to be terrible. Many families that worked in these factories lived in tenement housing, which were very cramp, crowded and all stuck together. These housed did not have indoor plumbing or sewage, so waste and trash would be thrown into the streets. That would then run into the water supply to be used. Overall families had to endure very harsh living conditions Just to be able to work in these also harsh factories. Most of todays children have the luxury of going to school and having their parents work to support the household. However, most times in the days of the Industrial Revolution everyone in the family had to work to support life. Men, women and children as young as six did work in the factories. This was because parents alone could not earn enough money and needed their childrens help as well. In the Sadler Commission Testimonies, Michael Sadler interviews individuals to gain information and shed light on the troubles from the Industrial Revolution. He records Why do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked? † Necessity compels a man that has children to let them work. Then asks Then you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it as not from necessity? † No. (Sadler) This explains how it was absolute necessary to kids to work and help out in most tamilies. Also, unlike the stereotypical social gender norm that men are more useful and suitable for labor working Jobs, women and children were more desired by factory owners to work for them because of their ability to be more nimble and petite in size was more helpful to operate the machinery. FromFactory System: Two Views (Dr. Andrew Ure vs. Friederich Engels),Friederich Engels explains When spinning or weaving machinery isinstalled ractically all that is left to bedone by the hand is the piecing togetherof broken threads, and the machinedoes the rest. This task calls for nimblefingers rather than muscular strength. The labour of grown men is not merelyunnecessary but actually unsuitable. (Engels 457) . This ultimately lead into women and children being exploited the most in the work place. Not to be confused, everyone that worked in factories were taken advantaged of by their wealthier factory owning bosses, Those who owned factories were called the Bourgeois which developed as a new middle lass and those who worked in those factories were called Proletanats, which were the working low class laborers.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Symbolism is traditionally a sign or token of something. In the matter of literature, the definition of the literary device, symbolism, is more complicated. Symbols of literature are usually metaphysical. The main symbol of The Scarlet Letter is the red "A" that Hester Prynne was sentenced to wear on her chest. Nathaniel Hawthorne's intention was to make the meaning of the crimson token worn on the bosom of Hester Prynne is highly ambiguous. In this he was successful. Although the "A" means "adulteress" to the people of Boston, to reader the "A" may have other meanings such as "American" or "able". To the townspeople, author, and reader clearly the original intention of the "A" was to stand for "adulteress". When Hester Prynne became pregnant during the absence of her husband she was accused and convicted of adultery. Her sentence was to wear a scarlet letter "A" on her bosom to let everyone know that she was an adulteress, forevermore. Because of her unique sentence everyone knew that she was, in fact, an adulteress and people treated her that way. Society condemned her for her sin, without knowing anything else. Hester was forced to live alone on the outskirts of the city. She was a seamstress, but got very little business. When she used her skills to decorate the "A", things only got worse. People felt that she was trying to show off the fact that she was an adulteress, or that she was proud to be. Hester's daughter, Pearl, was constantly ridiculed by other children for being an "evil", "devil" child. Clearly it was the first intention of the symbol to reve! al that Hester Prynne was an adulteress. Although the first intention of the "A" was to mark Hester Prynne as an adulteress, it also has other, more abstract meanings. The letter has a relation to the word, "American". Hester Prynne's "A" reflects an "American" meaning in various ways. For one, America is a melting pot of many peoples and ideas, as was Hester's "A". She earned that "A" under certain situations. She was in a loveless marriage. She had been separated from her husband for 2 years. She thought he might be at the bottom of the sea. She was in love with another man. She was perceived and punished under a strict Puritan eye. Like the development of America, the were many conditions that led to the developed of Hester's "A". Another way that Hester Prynne's "A" symbolizes America, is that they were both shaped by past actions. No matter how Hester had changed, since her act of adultery, at any point

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Voyager Interstellar Mission

The Voyager Interstellar Mission is rooted in the Grand Tour – an alignment of the outer planets which allowed for a single space probe to visit each of them rapidly.The Voyager spacecraft were constructed to do just that – obtain close up views and observations of the outer planets. Together, the two spacecraft brought unprecedented observations of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and their corresponding satellites and ring systems.Having completed their planetary mission after the visit of Neptune in 1989, the two Voyagers are now continuing their journey out of the Solar System. Instead of fading into obscurity, the Voyagers are still transmitting back observations in its new mission – the Voyager Interstellar Mission. Instead of observing planets, the two spacecraft are now giving us our first glimpses into the edges of the solar system.To do this, mission scientists had to use instruments meant for observing planets for observing the environment at the area at the edge of the Solar System. Five distinct and specialized scientific groups are currently engaged on analyzing the data coming from Voyager. Together with Voyager, these groups have expanded our understanding of the outer solar system.Power and funding challenges continue to hound the Voyager mission. Since its launch, Voyager's power source has been continually declining. To cope with the lowered power output, components of Voyager have been shut down one by one which means that some measurements have already been or will be stopped in the near future.The mission ends when the power sources cannot anymore power any single instrument. Some earth bound problems remain however as budget cuts threaten the existence of the mission.Voyager Interstellar Mission – Paper ProposalFor this paper, I plan on discussing the Voyager Interstellar Mission.   The proposed   outline is attached below.My interest in the Voyager Interstellar Mission lies in their wonderful history and u nique position. In this sense, the Voyager spacecraft are like â€Å"the little space probes that could†.The Voyager spacecraft were initially launched more than thirty years ago to take advantage of a unique arrangement of the outer planets.   This arrangement made The Grand Tour possible, visiting each of the outer planets consecutively within a short amount of time.The spacecraft were originally meant to take closeup observations of the outer planets, observations which were not possible to make from Earth. They were successful in doing this, having sent back pictures of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Their discoveries adding to and refining our knowledge of the outer planets.Having finished their original mission, the two spacecraft continue on their voyage out of the Solar System. With no forces holding them back, the two will continue on their journey indefinitely and will soon be traveling in Interstellar space.The Voyager Interstellar Mission takes advantage o f this fact, exploiting the location of the twin Voyagers to gather data and observations about the edge of the Solar System. If the planetary mission helped to add and refine our knowledge of the outer planets, the interstellar mission is currently helping add and refine our knowledge of the environment and processes at work at the solar system's edge.In line with this, I also plan on discussing current knowledge about the edge of the Solar System. This knowledge will help the reader comprehend the scope of the Voyager Interstellar Mission as well as what the Voyager probes are expected to understand.A discussion of the spacecraft is also needed to understand the mission. The instruments used in the interstellar mission are the same instruments used in observing the outer planets.By understanding these instruments, we get an understanding of the kind of observations that the Voyagers are doing in Interstellar space. We also gain an understanding of the operations that enable the mi ssion to communicate with Earth. Understanding the spacecraft also allows us to understand the main challenge facing the mission – the loss in power.Even if the success of the Voyager program has already been established, it still faces some challenges. Due to its age its power generating system has had severe losses in capacity. Because of this several instruments and systems aboard the craft have already been shut down due to the loss in power. Earth bound troubles also hound the craft as budget cuts threaten the existence of the mission.To complete the paper, I plan on giving a few samples of the scientific advances that the Interstellar mission has brought. It is also important to realize the amount of research that the thirty year old Voyagers have enabled. I also point out some researches from Voyager that have helped us in our understanding of the Sun.In this way, I point out that these spacecraft even if they are very far are even giving us new insights to something t hat is quite close to home.  

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

External & Global Environment of Louis Vuitton in Japan Essay

Introduction This case study is on the external and global environment of Louis Vuitton (LV) in Japan. For many years, Japan has been Louis Vuitton’s most profitable market but the economic crisis has had a negative effect on sales; sales have declined in the past few years. According to Tokyo Fashion News in November of 2008, LV has â€Å"seen more than a 5% decline in sales in Japan so far this year† (para. 3). They attribute the decline to one of two things, the decline in the Japanese economy or that LV has fallen out of favor with the Japanese people. Synopsis of the Situation With a decline in the economy, Louis Vuitton has been forced to open stores that offer a lower priced collection. The Japanese economy can no longer support the high-end collector name brands that it used to but Japan is in love with LV. â€Å"Based on sales figures and brand image indicators, we have compiled Asia’s Top Ten. It confirms what every luxe-loving Asian already knows: There is nothing to beat the charms of Louis Vuitton and Rolex† (Chadha, R. & Husband, Paul, 2006, para. 5). Key Issues The number one key issue would be the decline in the economy. The second key issue is that the Japanese are looking for a good deal, good value to product. The third key issue is the number of competitors in the Japanese markets that offer luxury products. Define the Problem In 2008, the economy in Japan and all over the world took a nosedive; people  were worried about making ends meet and severely cut down on buying luxury items. People started looking for products that offer a better value for their yen and became more cost conscious of what they were buying. There is serious competition in Japan for the luxury market. Among the competitors are Rolex, Cartier, Gucci, Chanel, and Prada to name a few (Table 1.1). Alternative Solutions One alternative solution would be to create a less expensive product and market it to a larger segment of the market. A second solution would be to improve the quality of their product and continue to market as a luxury item. A third solution would be to offer a middle of the line product available online that would draw the customers away from the other luxury item companies that would not require a storefront. Selected Solution to the Problem The selected solution to the problem would be to offer a middle of the line product available exclusively online. By offering the products online the company would not be require to have a physical store for customers to come into. This would cut costs dramatically; there would not be the overhead of operating a store, paying employees, or paying the costs of running a store. This would also offer customers the convenience of shopping from home. Implementation Implementation of this plan could be tricky. The company needs to make sure they have the capacity to handle a large volume of internet orders and they need the inventory on hand so they could ship items in a timely manner. Probably a million small details will need to be dealt with so the company needs to do some brainstorming with employees and management as to what problems may arise at implementation. Being prepared for any unforeseen problems would be very important before implementation, do not wait until problems arise to brainstorm solutions. By making sure they are prepared for orders, word-of-mouth advertising could be a huge advantage. Secondly, the company would have to make up a great advertisement campaign targeting the middle-class and the products that would be available. Recommendations Louis Vuitton should start a marketing campaign focusing on the middle class in Japan offering mid-priced products that are available exclusively online. The company should focus on smaller, out of the way cities first that do not have access to the higher priced stores and move out from there. Depending on the success of the marketing campaign in the smaller cities, the company should move to the larger cities where they have stores in order of population starting from smallest to largest. If these campaigns are successful, they could consider moving outside of Japan into China. Conclusion While Louis Vuitton is very popular in Japan, the decline in the economy has affected sales. Because there are so many other luxury stores in Japan, the company should focus on the larger, middle class segment of the population. By offering a lower priced, quality product the company could gain market share by attracting more customers from a larger population of people. Offering these products online opens the door for customers that do not live in an area where their stores are located. References Louis Vuitton Japan Lowering Prices. (2008, November 29). Tokyo Fashion News RSS. Retrieved June 9, 2014, from http://tokyofashion.com/louis-vuitton-japan- lowering-prices/ Chadha, R., & Husband, P. (2006, January 1). The Cult of the Luxury Brand: Inside Asia’s Love Affair With Luxury. . Retrieved June 9, 2014, from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/results?sid=d07a16b5-4279-45c4-925174ed637b11f1%40sessionmgr4004&vid=3&hid=4110&bquery=DE+%22Brand+name+products++Social+aspects+Asia%22&bdata=JmNsaTA9RlQmY2x2MD1ZJnR5cGU9MCZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl and image scores.